IFMAs Call to Action IFMA urges all athletes, coaches, and national federations to: Review the full 2026 Prohibited List on WADAs website
Absorption differences: injection vs topical Subcutaneous injection absorption: Rapid absorption into bloodstream Peak plasma concentration: 15-30 minutes 80-90% bioavailability Reaches target tissues quickly Systemic distribution Topical application absorption: Slower penetration through skin barrier Peak tissue concentration: 1-3 hours 5-15% bioavailability (most doesn't penetrate) Primarily local effects (skin where applied) Minimal systemic exposure Absorption comparison table: Why injection more effective: Direct systemic delivery Reaches all tissues Predictable dosing Lower total dose needed Better for body-wide effects When topical makes sense: Face/neck cosmetic use only Avoiding injections Already using skincare routine Combining both approaches (injection + topical) See our GHK-Cu 50mg copper peptide dosage guide for injection protocols
R., Yu, X., Coppola, G
Glutathione is a tripeptide a small protein made from three amino acids: glutamine, cysteine, and glycine
For diseases of the CNS, intranasal administration may be a unique means of bypassing the bloodbrain barrier
For detailed information covering the mechanism of action, biological characteristics, peptide properties and product information for BPC-157, continue to the Product Information section below
