Ethics statement The requirement of ethical approval was waived by Ethics Committee of Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine for the studies on humans because blood sampling, genetic testing and treatment of patients basically meet the requirements of treatment routine and guidelines
Abnormal copper accumulation may alter the stability of the mitochondrial membrane, disrupt the redox balance within the mitochondria, and result in decreased intracellular energy production (Ruiz et al., 2021)
This anti-inflammatory effect may also alleviate symptoms of problematic skin conditions like the aforementioned rosacea, which causes redness, irritation, and inflammation of the skin
Although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, it was postulated that low doses of NAC (i.e
Abbreviations BAK: Benzalkonium chloride CCK-8: Cell Counting Kit-8 CHCl3: Chloroform CLSM: Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope CSR: Cell Survival Rate DED: Dry Eye Disease DPPC: 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-Snglycero-3-Phosphocholine DSPE-mPEG2000: 1,2-stearoyl-sn-glycerol-3-Phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy (polyethylene glycol)-2000 DCFH-DA: 2,7-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein Diacetate DiI: 1,1-dioctadecyl-3,3,3,3-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate DAPI: 4,6-Diamidino-2-Phenylindole DLS: Dynamic Light Scattering DL: Drug-loading EE: Encapsulation efficiency FH: Fumarate hydratase GCs: Glucocorticoids GLU: Glutamate GSH: Glutathione GPX4: Glutathione peroxidase Hyd: Hydride HCEC: Human Corneal Epithelial Cell HOS: Hyperosmolar stress H&E: Hematoxylin and Eosin INS: Insulin IGFBP-3: Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 INSR: Insulin Receptors IGF-1R: Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor IGF-1: Insulin-like growth factor 1 IOP: Intraocular pressure MPTP: Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore MRM: Multiple Reaction Monitoring MS: Mass Spectrometry M: Mean NPs: Nanoparticles NaCL: Sodium Chloride OS: Oxidative Stress OCT: Optical coherence tomography OPLS-DA: Orthogonal projections to latent structures- discriminant analysis PEI: Polyethyleneimine PVDF: Polyvinylidene Fluoride QoL: Quality of Life ROS: Reactive Oxygen Species SDS-PAGE: Sulphate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis SD: Standard Deviation TCA: Tricarboxylic Acid tBUT: tear Break Up Time TUNEL: Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase-mediated Nick End Labeling UHPLC: Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography References Clayton JAD, Eye
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