b12 injection versus pill Injections vs Tablets: What You Need to Know B12 Injections or Oral B12:

The evidence base requires appropriate clinical trials, with additional endpoints including clinical symptoms of patients and additional biochemical parameters beyond plasma B12 levels alone before these alternative routes can be recommended with confidence in clinical guidelines

One of these is nicotine

AS: employee of, and holds shares in, Novo Nordisk A/S

In addition, the entry of MOTS-c into the nucleus requires hydrophobic groups, which means that MOTS-c may need the help of other proteins that need further verification (5, 25)

That alone is enough of a practical difference to steer some peoples choice regardless of anything else on the ledger

However, it is generally more challenging for vegans and vegetarians to obtain adequate B12 solely from plant-based sources