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In this Review, we (1) summarize recent advances concerning the role of metabolic dysregulation during atherosclerosis progression in lesional cells, including endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, macrophages and T cells

Microneedle array facilitates hepatic sinusoid construction in a large-scale liver-acinus-chip microsystem

11,78 Moreover, suppressing either component of system Xc induces ferroptosis by disturbing cystine uptake, then limiting GSH synthesis

however, the use of mainly artificial assay systems makes interpretation difficult and few reports document direct pathogenic proteinenzyme interactions within a specific intact cell type

Clinical evidence comes in tiers: mechanistic studies (does the molecule do what it should at the cellular level?), animal studies (does it produce the expected effect in a living organism?), and human trials (does it actually work on the people who will use it?)

The OCR was measured in real-time, quantifying the picomoles of oxygen consumed per minute (pmol/min), and graphed over time, before and after the addition of Rotenone to the culture medium (baseline OCR and specifically used for measuring mitochondrial respiration)