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Long-term continuous N -carbamylglutamate treatment in frequently decompensated propionic acidemia: a case report

[22] [23] Special populations require particular consideration: Pregnancy and breastfeeding : There is insufficient evidence regarding safety during pregnancy and lactation

YW: Data curation, Investiagtion, Writingoriginal draft

This review synthesizes epidemiological data, comparative metagenomic analyzes, and mechanistic studies to demonstrate that stone formers exhibit reduced -diversity, depletion of oxalate-degrading taxa (e.g., Oxalobacter , Lactobacillus , Bifidobacterium ), and enrichment of pro-inflammatory genera ( Escherichia , Bacteroides )

For example, carnitine has been observed to block MAPK signaling and regulate apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation in a dose-dependent manner [124]

Maintaining sufficient antioxidant capacity is vital to prevent excessive stress signals when ROS levels exceed certain thresholds