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In synergy with IL-36Ra, IL-36 promotes the intestinal inflammation through the NF-KB pathway, which maintains the homeostasis by balancing the pro- and anti-inflammatory responses in the TME (88)

Ann Gastroenterol Surg 4:2129 Liu A, Arbiser JL, Holmgren A, Klein G, Klein E (2005) PSK and Trx80 inhibit B-cell growth in EBV-infected cord blood mononuclear cells through T cells activated by the monocyte products IL-15 and IL-12

Statements Author contributions MC: Conceptualization, Writing original draft, Writing review & editing

doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.08.025 123 ZhangWDaiJHouGLiuHZhengSWangXet al

5.4.2 Age-related considerations in immunosuppressive therapy Age-specific pharmacotherapy considerations primarily involve pharmacokinetic differences and adverse effect susceptibility (101)

Interestingly, IR-deficient chondrocytes had increased IGF-1R levels and were more responsive to IGF-1 consistent with the notion that IGF-1/IGF-1R may compensate, at least in part, for loss of IR signaling