Zaffanello et al
L-Carnitine is usually well-tolerated, but some individuals may encounter mild side effects such as stomach discomfort , heartburn , nausea , diarrhea , or a fishy smell in urine, breath, or sweat
The used databases are publicly accessible and available online: Abbreviations ROS: reactive oxygen species CBC: Calvin-Benson cycle RNS: reactive nitrogen species GSH: glutathione TRX: thioredoxin GR: glutathione reductase FTR: ferredoxin-thioredoxin reductase NTR: NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase PRX: peroxiredoxin GPXL: glutathione peroxidase-like protein GSSG: glutathione disulfide E GSH : glutathione redox potential MSR: methionine sulfoxide reductase GRX: glutaredoxin NPR1: nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1 DHAR: dehydroascorbate reductase GST: glutathione S -transferase APX: ascorbate peroxidase Cb: Chara braunii Aa: Anthoceros agrestis Mp: Marchantia polymorpha Pp: Physcomitrium patens Sm: Selaginella moellendorffii Sc: Salvinia cucullata Af: Azolla filiculoides Bd: Brachypodium distachyon At: Arabidopsis thaliana MetSO: methionine sulfoxide PET: photosynthetic electron transport AsA: ascorbic acid GAP: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase MS/MS: tandem mass spectrometry BioGEE: biotinylated GSH ethyl ester BioGSSG: biotinylated glutathione disulfide AMY: alpha-amylase THI: thiamine thiazole synthase PGK: phosphoglycerate kinase FDX: ferredoxin HGT: horizontal gene transfer GSNO: S -nitrosoglutathione References Dyall SD, Brown MT, Johnson PJ
It preserves alveolar bone density in patients experiencing age-related bone loss, accelerates bone graft healing timelines, and promotes systemic collagen turnover that benefits periodontal ligament and TMJ disc integrity
Toxicol Sci 123 , 193205, (2011)
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