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These include skin rash or hives, weak muscles or cramps, itching, vomiting, nausea, headache, leg pain or warm, tender pain in one leg, dizziness and fatigue, frequent urination, feeling super thirsty, fast heart rate, and swelling of the extremities

Symptoms associated with B12 deficiency may include: Persistent fatigue or weakness Memory impairment or confusion Nerve-related issues such as numbness or tingling Mood fluctuations or depression Pale or yellowish skin A B12 deficiency can affect anyone, but older adults are particularly vulnerable

Mouse studies reported changes in adiposity, glucose handling, liver pathology and muscle-function measurements

Vegans need B12 as it is only found in animal products

As it is not naturally present in fruit, vegetables, and grains, vegans may not get sufficient amounts of vitamin B12 in their diet

As a water-soluble vitamin, excess B12 is excreted in urine, and no upper limit has been set in the UK due to its low toxicity