High-dose vitamin therapy stimulates variant enzymes with decreased coenzyme binding affinity (increased K(m)): relevance to genetic disease and polymorphisms
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Muley SA, Midani HA, Rank JM, Carithers R, Parry GJ

Food & Drug Administration (FDA) FDA grants accelerated approval to elamipretide (Forzinity) as first treatment for Barth syndrome (2025) Journal of the American College of Cardiology (JACC) PROGRESSHF trial: safety and tolerability of elamipretide in heart failure patients Neurology (AAN Journals) MMPOWER2 trial: elamipretide in primary mitochondrial myopathy Genetics in Medicine (Nature) TAZPOWER trial: efficacy and safety of elamipretide in Barth syndrome Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) Bioenergetics Cardiolipin remodeling and cristae structure: role in mitochondrial function Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (PMC) SS31 reduces oxidative stress and improves mitochondrial bioenergetics Alzheimers Drug Discovery Foundation Cognitive Vitality Report: SS31 (elamipretide) preclinical and clinical overview Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases (PMC) Barth syndrome: clinical presentation, diagnosis, and emerging therapies Research Resources BPC-157 (5 mg & 10 mg Vial) Dosage Protocol Quickstart Highlights BPC-157 (Body Protection Compound-157) is a synthetic 15-amino-acid peptide derived from a gastric protein sequence studied for tissue-healing and cytoprotective properties [1] [2]

Parikh A, Kathawala K, Li J, Chen C, Shan Z, Cao X, Zhou XF, Garg S
Key Takeaway: nootropic peptides are interesting, but they are not the same as dietary supplements