Its expression extends beyond plasma, permeating various tissues, including the kidney, retina, thyroid, lungs, adipose tissue, heart, liver, gastrointestinal tract, brain, mammary gland and appendix [31] (Figure 1b)
Studies have found that under pathological conditions, astrocytes are activated by A to produce cytoinflammatory factors, complement, oxygen free radicals, etc., which then trigger inflammation, promote nerve cell damage and death, and ultimately aggravate Alzheimers disease (Do et al., 2014

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Tong H, Isenring E, Yates P
When this moisture barrier is stripped, the underlying cells face constant exposure to external pollutants and accelerated aging
Sheehan D, Meade G, Foley VM, Dowd CA