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Values of carnitine in biological fluids and tissues of normal subjects

|omega-3 and -6 fatty acids

Overcharging can cause the cells to swell, generate heat, and in extreme cases, catch fire

Diet (Meat) Carnitine storage: 98% in skeletal muscle Carnitine in neonates: Low levels Steps in fatty acid metabolism Uptake & Activation Proteins FATP1 (SLC27A1) : Very long chain fatty acids FATP4 (SLC27A4) Fatty acid translocase (FAT , CD36 ) Cytoplasmic fatty acid-binding protein (FABPs) Skeletal muscle FABP3 Transport across mitochondrial membrane Carnitine shuttle OCTN2 Lipid droplets : Fatty acid storage in cytoplasm Droplets Organelles derived from endoplasmic reticulum Core: Neutral lipid Core surrounded by Phospholipid monolayer Derived from: Cytosolic leaflet of ER membrane Regulatory enzymes Locations: Cytoplasm & Nuclei Biogenesis 128 Starts with: Neutral lipid synthesis in ER membranes Neutral lipid path: Move to Hydrophobic regions Between leaflets of ER phospholipid bilayer High neutral lipid concentrations Nucleate neutral lipid lenses Lenses Grow: By adding neutral lipid Bud: As lipid droplets into cytoplasm Fatty acids: Stored as triglycerides in lipid droplets Can be hydrolyzed back to Fatty acids by lipases Lipases: Adipose triglyceride lipase (PNPLA2) Activated by lipolysis Comparative Gene Identification-58 (ABHD5) Hormone sensitive lipase (HSL

NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

(2018) 315:G15970