l-carnitine l-tartrate carnipure 15 000mg Powder 100g supporting better fat metabolism and recovery without relying on stimulants Pure Encapsulations - L-Carnitine -

In -synuclein-induced PD mouse model, Zhang and collaborators showed that the administration of caffeic acid prevents the neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons in SN and improves behavioral abnormalities by stimulating autophagy through the JNK/BcL2 pathway (Zhang et al., 2019)

This is where the beneficial effect of a substance is lost at higher, chronic doses [3, 5]

doi: 10.1001/jama.2013.282834

Paiva I, Seguin J, Grgurina I, Singh AK, Cosquer B, Plassard D, Tzeplaeff L, Le Gras S, Cotellessa L, Decraene C, Gambi J, Alcala-Vida R, Eswaramoorthy M, Bue L, Cassel J-C, Giacobini P, Blum D, Merienne K, Kundu TK, Boutillier A-L (2024) Dysregulated expression of cholesterol biosynthetic genes in Alzheimers disease alters epigenomic signatures of hippocampal neurons

Pettegrew JW, Levine J, McClure RJ: Acetyl-L-carnitine physical-chemical, metabolic, and therapeutic properties: relevance for its mode of action in Alzheimer's disease and geriatric depression

2023 Jan;95(1):e28158