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Prolyl isomerase Pin1-mediated conformational change and subnuclear focal accumulation of Runx2 Are crucial for fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2)-induced osteoblast differentiation

These were ex-vivo permeation experiments framed around anti-inflammatory delivery rather than wrinkle outcomes, so they speak to whether the molecule can reach the dermis, not to how much cosmetic change follows but even that limited, mechanism-level demonstration is one the injectable route has no equivalent of for reaching skin specifically

Toxins are stored in fatty tissues

S10a,b)

However, larger peptides like growth hormone secretagogues achieve only 15 to 30 percent sublingual bioavailability, requiring significantly higher doses to approach injectable effectiveness

10.2174/1381612824666180712110447 101 SeiwerthS.SikiricP.GrabarevicZ.ZoricicI.HanzevackiM.LjubanovicD.et al (1997)