l-carnitine tmao koeth 2013 nature medicine Innovative carnitine-fed rats model reveals resveratrol butyrate Ester's multimechanistic role in reducing and cardiovascular risk γ–Butyrobetaine is a pro-atherogenic intermediate
Butyrobetaine is a pro atherogenic intermediate in gut microbial metabolism of L carnitine to TMAO PMC Frontiers TMAO as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for chronic kidney disease: A review Effects of choline metabolitetrimethylamine N oxide on immunometabolism in inflammatory bowel disease Frontiers Comparison of short term and long term effects of peroral L carnitine intake: clinical implications of elevated TMAO levels in cardiovascular complications l carnitine tmao nature medicine 2013 koeth Gut microbiota metabolism of l carnitine and cardiovascular risk Dietary allicin reduces transformation of JCI l Carnitine in omnivorous diets induces an atherogenic gut microbial pathway in humans
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