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The peptide's effects on both dopamine and serotonin systems suggest broad neuromodulatory activity beyond simple tissue healing

Some users dose pre-task, on the theory that they want the cognitive effects active during specific demanding work

Researchers believe this is tied to BPC 157s ability to scavenge free radicals and reduce inflammation in brain tissue

Again, this allows the peptide to saturate the local fascia and muscle tissue before going systemic

Cold Spring Harb

The downstream effects most consistently described in the literature: induction of collagen I and III, elastin, and decorin synthesis (Maquart et al., FEBS Letters , 1988), upregulation of VEGF and basic FGF transcripts, induction of antioxidant defense genes including SOD2 and metallothionein isoforms, and modulation of the MMP-2 and TIMP-1/2 balance toward non-fibrotic remodeling