Three days later, this medium was replaced by 'differentiation medium' and, cells were cultivated for 2 additional weeks
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The Hidden Risks of Vitamin B12 Replacement Therapy Thai Pham January 05, 2025 Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is a crucial nutrient essential for various bodily functions, including DNA synthesis, red blood cell production, and proper nerve function
Erythropoietic porphyrias Congenital erythropoietic porphyria (Gunther disease) Epidemiology Very rare Severe Etiology Autosomal recessive Defective uroporphyrinogen-III synthase Pathophysiology Begins in childhood Bone marrow heme biosynthesis impairment Clinical features Severe photosensitivity leads to light-induced damage burning sensation and redness of the skin with blisters that can develop into ulcers scarring, sometimes severe: Scarring of the cornea (blindness) Loss of fingers Loss of facial features Hemolytic anemia: enzyme dysfunction reduces heme levels and accumulated intermediates disrupt the membrane of erythrocytes and their precursors hypersplenism Bone changes Bone marrow hypertrophy pathologic fractures Acral osteolysis Red stained bones Port-wine colored urine Management No causal therapy Avoid exposure to sunlight Erythropoietic protoporphyria Epidemiology: third most common porphyria Genetics: autosomal dominant (defective ferrochelatase) Clinical features After exposure to sunlight: transient cutaneous findings Protoporphyrin gallstones Rare: chronic hepatic involvement Diagnostics: protoporphyrin in feces and blood Management Protection from sunlight, alpha-MSH Ursodeoxycholic acid, cholestyramine Liver/bone marrow transplantation
Improvements in individuals with DN occur with higher doses, such as 1,800 mg/day for at least three weeks, or lower doses (6001,200 mg/day) over extended periods ranging from three weeks to four years
Tabassum N, Kheya IS, Ibn Asaduzzaman SA, Maniha SM, Fayz AH, Zakaria A, Fayz AH, Zakaria A, Noor R (2020) A review on the possible leakage of electrons through the electron transport chain within mitochondria
