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Intraperitoneal injection of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), a lipid peroxidation product, exacerbates colonic inflammation through activation of Toll-like receptor 4 signaling

This review elucidates the impact of lipid imbalance on depression highlighting how dyslipidemia not only makes individuals prone to depression but also exacerbates the progression of depression (including the occurrence of some comorbidities of depression)

Tianhuang formula reduces the oxidative stress response of NAFLD by regulating the gut microbiome in mice

In addition, studies on murine hepatic mitochondria have shown that DZN inhibits state III respiration, which is driven by glutamate and malate, substrates of complex I of the respiratory chain, as well as succinate, a substrate of complex II [10]

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However, NOX enzymes contain heme-binding histidine residues within the third and fifth transmembrane domains that can accept electrons before transferring them to oxygen on the opposite, exofacial or lumenal side of the membrane